Virtual image deployment with a warm cache

ABSTRACT

A cache image including only cache entries with valid durations of at least a configured deployment date for a virtual machine image is prepared via an application server for the virtual machine image. The virtual machine image is deployed to at least one other application server as a virtual machine with the cache image including only the cache entries with the valid durations of at least the configured deployment date for the virtual machine image.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to virtual image deployment. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to virtual image deploymentwith a warm cache.

Application servers host applications for use by user computing devicesthat access the application servers via a network connection. As such,application servers provide application interaction capabilities foruser computing devices.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A method includes preparing, via an application server for a virtualmachine image, a cache image comprising only cache entries with validdurations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image; and deploying the virtual machine image to at least oneother application server as a virtual machine with the cache imagecomprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of at leastthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image.

A system includes a memory; and a processor associated with anapplication server programmed to: prepare a cache image within thememory comprising only cache entries with valid durations of at least aconfigured deployment date for a virtual machine image; and deploy thevirtual machine image to at least one other application server as avirtual machine with the cache image comprising only the cache entrieswith the valid durations of at least the configured deployment date forthe virtual machine image.

A computer program product includes a computer readable storage mediumincluding computer readable program code, wherein the computer readableprogram code when executed on a computer causes the computer to: preparea cache image comprising only cache entries with valid durations of atleast a configured deployment date for a virtual machine image; anddeploy the virtual machine image to at least one other computer as avirtual machine with the cache image comprising only the cache entrieswith the valid durations of at least the configured deployment date forthe virtual machine image.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a systemfor virtual image deployment with a warm cache according to anembodiment of the present subject matter;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of adeployment server capable of performing automated virtual imagedeployment with a warm cache according to an embodiment of the presentsubject matter;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache according to anembodiment of the present subject matter;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache that builds anddeploys a virtual cache image according to an embodiment of the presentsubject matter; and

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated verification of performance for virtual image deploymentwith a warm cache according to an embodiment of the present subjectmatter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The examples set forth below represent the necessary information toenable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustratethe best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the followingdescription in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilledin the art will understand the concepts of the invention and willrecognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressedherein. It should be understood that these concepts and applicationsfall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.

The subject matter described herein provides virtual image deploymentwith a warm cache. Based upon the present subject matter, an applicationserver may be deployed with a pre-warmed cache with no wait time forcache-hit performance to be realized. The present subject matter allowsfor creation of a single image with pre-loaded cache values for anapplication server environment. Cache image data recording (e.g.,storage) is performed to create the pre-warmed cache image as a virtualimage. Filtering of cache data recording may be performed to record onlycache entries with a valid useful duration beyond a target deploymentdate for the virtual image. As an additional option, a server may beinstructed to perform incremental invalidation of data within thepre-recorded cache image during deployment to the server to removeinvalid data entries. Incremental invalidation may also be performed bythe deploying server in response to a change in the deployment date forthe virtual image. Virtual image deployment performance may further beimproved by including pre-compiled bytecode, such as in the form ofjust-in-time (JIT) tables of bytecode, and shared classes in thepre-warmed cache image. The present subject matter additionally providesfor deployed-cache performance verification and feedback to improvecache warming for virtual images over time.

Multiple virtual machines (VMs), also referred to as application serverinstances, may be created in multiple application servers using thepre-warmed cache deployed with valid data, and optionally withpre-compiled bytecode and shared classes. The pre-warmed cache image iscapable of allowing the deploying server to create multiple applicationserver instances that do not require conventional cache break-in time.The starting point for the cache will further be consistent across alldeployed application servers. As such, performance numbers for a newlydeployed application server will approach performance numbers for anapplication server with multiple days of uptime. Accordingly, bycapturing the cache image and deploying the virtual machine with thepre-warmed cache, several days of increased cache performance may beachieved at deployment by reducing the time conventionally required toget a cache for a virtual machine warmed up.

In one implementation, the present subject matter provides forpreparing, via an application server for a virtual machine image, acache image including only cache entries with valid durations of atleast a configured deployment date for the virtual machine image. Thepresent subject matter also provides for deploying the virtual machineimage to at least one other application server as a virtual machine withthe cache image including only the cache entries with the validdurations of at least the configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image. As an alternative, in response to determining that theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image has changed,the application server may either determine the valid durationassociated with each cache entry within the cache image and delete anyof the cached entries determined not to have a valid duration of atleast the changed configured deployment date for the virtual machineimage, or it may instruct at least one other application server toinvalidate any cache entries that do not have a valid duration of atleast the changed configured deployment date for the virtual machineimage during deployment of the virtual image.

Regarding recording of data for a virtual image with a valid duration ofat least the target deployment date, it is noted that some cache entrieshave a time at which they expire or become invalid. The expiration dateor valid duration may be configured as a number of days, hours, or otherunit of time until deployment of the pre-warmed cache image. Based upona configured expiration date or valid duration for cached data, a givencache entry may expire before the virtual machine loads. Improvedperformance for cache warming and for loading of virtual images may beimproved by only capturing cache entries that expire after the virtualimage is deployed. It is additionally noted that bandwidth may beconserved by recording and deploying only valid data within thepre-warmed cache.

Alternatively, the expiration date or valid duration associated witheach cache entry may also be stored within the cache image to allow forincremental invalidation of data at deployment. When in record mode, thedeploying server may index the cache or individual data elements basedon the expiration time. In such an implementation, each server thatloads a virtual image may make certain that all cache entries are valid.The respective server may purge cache entries that are no longer validbased upon the expiration date, or the valid duration associated witheach cache entry may also be stored within the cache image. As such,when a virtual image is deployed with this cache, the cache may veryquickly and efficiently be purged of expired entries based upon theexpiration indexing of the cache or of individual cache entries.

It should be noted that the regular application server that isperforming the cache warming is often not a virtualized machine. In suchan implementation, the deployment date for the pre-warmed cache imagemay be based upon statistics of likely deployment windows or timeframes,and valid duration for cache entries may be based upon the availablestatistics.

Based upon the described options for incremental invalidation,incremental invalidation may be a configured option for deployment ofthe pre-warmed cache. For example, if the cache image is deployed ontime and if only valid entries with duration equal to or longer than thedeployment time have been recorded, then no incremental invalidationwill be required on either the deploying server or on deployed machine.Alternatively, a configuration option may be provided for instructingthe deployed server to perform incremental invalidation of cache entrieswhen loading the cache image. As another alternative, the deployingserver may be configured to perform incremental invalidation in responseto changes in the target deployment date for the cache image. As yetanother option, the virtual machine itself may be configured to processdata in its own pre-warmed cache and verify that all data is current orto perform incremental invalidation of expired data. Many other optionsare possible for incremental invalidation and verification of deployedpre-warmed cache images and all are considered within the scope of thepresent subject matter.

Warming of the cache may be performed, for example, by automaticpopulation of the virtual cache image with data. Automated population ofthe virtual cache image may be performed in a variety of ways. Forexample, population of the virtual cache image may be performed byexecution of an automated script that accesses (e.g., “hits”) every dataelement that is intended to be in the pre-warmed cache image.Alternatively, population of the virtual cache image may be performed byloading the virtual cache image with a known or intended data set fordeployment to create a virtual cache image with a pre-populated set ofcache data. As another example of population of the virtual cache image,real user load may be applied to populate the virtual cache image. Manyother possibilities exist for populating the virtual cache image and allare considered within the scope of the present subject matter. Further,pre-compiled bytecode may be generated and shared classes may beidentified. The pre-compiled bytecode and shared classes may be storedto the pre-warmed cache image to further increase deployment performanceof the cache image.

As described above, in addition to saving in-memory cache, Java®-basedor other interpretive application server virtual images may also storeother items like a just-in-time (JIT) table or shared classes. Storageof JIT tables and/or shared classes may further increase performance ofthe application server instance at deployment time and may furthereliminate a need for a performance break-in period. It should be notedthat the JIT table and shared class cache are Java Virtual Machine (JVM)optimizations that may improve performance of a given JVM. The JVMaccumulates the JIT table and shared classes cache over time. As such,by accumulating on the deploying server and by adding the JIT table andshared classes cache to a deployed virtual image, the deployedapplication server instance will not need to recreate the JIT table andthe shared classes cache over time after deployment. It should furtherbe noted that other data or executable code that builds up over timeduring execution may be added to make them “pre-warmed” at deploymenttime as well. As such, any such addition to a pre-warmed cache asdescribed herein is considered within the scope of the present subjectmatter.

The virtual image deployment with a warm cache described herein may beperformed in real time to allow prompt recording of cache contents andautomated deployment of a virtual image with a warm cache. For purposesof the present description, real time shall include any time frame ofsufficiently short duration as to provide reasonable response time forinformation processing acceptable to a user of the subject matterdescribed. Additionally, the term “real time” shall include what iscommonly termed “near real time”—generally meaning any time frame ofsufficiently short duration as to provide reasonable response time foron-demand information processing acceptable to a user of the subjectmatter described (e.g., within a portion of a second or within a fewseconds). These terms, while difficult to precisely define are wellunderstood by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a system100 for virtual image deployment with a warm cache. A deployment server102 communicates via a network 104 with an application server_(—)1 106through an application server_N 108.

As will be described in more detail below in association with FIG. 2through FIG. 5, the deployment server 102 provides automated virtualimage deployment with a warm cache. The automated virtual imagedeployment with a warm cache is based upon recording entries within avirtual cache image that have a valid duration of at least a targetdeployment date for the virtual cache image.

It should also be noted that the deployment server 102 may be anycomputing device capable of processing information as described aboveand in more detail below. For example, the deployment server 102 mayinclude devices such as a personal computer (e.g., desktop, laptop,palm, etc.) or a handheld device (e.g., cellular telephone, personaldigital assistant (PDA), email device, music recording or playbackdevice, etc.), or any other device capable of processing information asdescribed in more detail below.

The network 104 may include any form of interconnection suitable for theintended purpose, including a private or public network such as anintranet or the Internet, respectively, direct inter-moduleinterconnection, dial-up, wireless, or any other interconnectionmechanism capable of interconnecting the respective devices.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of thedeployment server 102 capable of performing automated virtual imagedeployment with a warm cache. A central processing unit (CPU) 200provides computer instruction execution, computation, and othercapabilities within the deployment server 102. A display 202 providesvisual information to a user of the deployment server 102 and an inputdevice 204 provides input capabilities for the user.

The display 202 may include any display device, such as a cathode raytube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED),projection, touchscreen, or other display element or panel. The inputdevice 204 may include a computer keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a pen, ajoystick, or any other type of input device by which the user mayinteract with and respond to information on the display 202.

It should be noted that the display 202 and the input device 204 areillustrated with a dashed-line representation within FIG. 2 to indicatethat they may be optional components for the deployment server 102 forcertain implementations. Accordingly, the deployment server 102 mayoperate as a completely automated embedded device without userconfigurability or feedback. However, the deployment server 102 may alsoprovide user feedback and configurability via the display 202 and theinput device 204, respectively.

A communication module 206 provides interconnection capabilities thatallow the deployment server 102 to communicate with other modules withinthe system 100, such as the application server_(—)1 106 through theapplication server_N 108, to deploy virtual images. The communicationmodule 206 may include any electrical, protocol, and protocol conversioncapabilities useable to provide the interconnection capabilities. Thoughthe communication module 206 is illustrated as a component-level modulefor ease of illustration and description purposes, it should be notedthat the communication module 206 may include any hardware, programmedprocessor(s), and memory used to carry out the functions of thecommunication module 206 as described above and in more detail below.For example, the communication module 206 may include additionalcontroller circuitry in the form of application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), processors, antennas, and/or discrete integratedcircuits and components for performing communication and electricalcontrol activities associated with the communication module 206.Additionally, the communication module 206 may include interrupt-level,stack-level, and application-level modules as appropriate. Furthermore,the communication module 206 may include any memory components used forstorage, execution, and data processing for performing processingactivities associated with the communication module 206. Thecommunication module 206 may also form a portion of other circuitrydescribed without departure from the scope of the present subjectmatter.

A memory 208 includes a virtual cache storage area 210 that stores avirtual cache image for the deployment server 102. As will be describedin more detail below, the virtual cache image stored within the virtualcache storage area 210 is used to deploy virtual machines to one or moreapplication servers, such as the application server_(—)1 106 through theapplication server_N 108. The memory 208 also includes an automatedcache-warming processing storage area 212 that stores one or moreautomated processing sequences, such as an automated cache-warmingscript, a known or intended data set for deployment to create a virtualcache image with a pre-populated set of cache data, and real user loaddata, which may be applied to populate the virtual cache image. Theautomated cache-warming processing stored within the automatedcache-warming processing storage area 212 may be executed by thedeployment server 102 to pre-warm the virtual cache for deployment. Thememory 208 may further store information, such as a configureddeployment date or a changed configured deployment date, for a virtualcache image and virtual machine image. Other information may be storedwithin the memory 208 as appropriate for a given implementation.

It is understood that the memory 208 may include any combination ofvolatile and non-volatile memory suitable for the intended purpose,distributed or localized as appropriate, and may include other memorysegments not illustrated within the present example for ease ofillustration purposes. For example, the memory 208 may include a codestorage area, a code execution area, and a data area without departurefrom the scope of the present subject matter.

A virtual cache image configuration module 214 is also illustrated. Thevirtual cache image configuration module 214 provides for automatedpopulation of virtual cache images and for deployment of virtual cacheimages for the deployment server 102, as described above and in moredetail below. The virtual cache image configuration module 214implements the automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache ofthe deployment server 102.

Though the virtual cache image configuration module 214 is illustratedas a component-level module for ease of illustration and descriptionpurposes, it should be noted that the virtual cache image configurationmodule 214 may include any hardware, programmed processor(s), and memoryused to carry out the functions of this module as described above and inmore detail below. For example, the virtual cache image configurationmodule 214 may include additional controller circuitry in the form ofapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), processors, and/ordiscrete integrated circuits and components for performing communicationand electrical control activities associated with the respectivedevices. Additionally, the virtual cache image configuration module 214may also include interrupt-level, stack-level, and application-levelmodules as appropriate. Furthermore, the virtual cache imageconfiguration module 214 may include any memory components used forstorage, execution, and data processing for performing processingactivities associated with the module.

It should also be noted that the virtual cache image configurationmodule 214 may form a portion of other circuitry described withoutdeparture from the scope of the present subject matter. Further, thevirtual cache image configuration module 214 may alternatively beimplemented as an application stored within the memory 208. In such animplementation, the virtual cache image configuration module 214 mayinclude instructions executed by the CPU 200 for performing thefunctionality described herein. The CPU 200 may execute theseinstructions to provide the processing capabilities described above andin more detail below for the deployment server 102. The virtual cacheimage configuration module 214 may form a portion of an interruptservice routine (ISR), a portion of an operating system, a portion of abrowser application, or a portion of a separate application withoutdeparture from the scope of the present subject matter.

A timer/clock module 216 is illustrated and used to determine timing anddate information, such as a configured deployment date, or a change to aconfigured deployment date, for a virtual cache image, as describedabove and in more detail below. As such, the virtual cache imageconfiguration module 214 may utilize information derived from thetimer/clock module 216 for information processing activities, such asthe virtual image deployment with a warm cache described herein.

The CPU 200, the display 202, the input device 204, the communicationmodule 206, the memory 208, the virtual cache configuration module 214,and the timer/clock module 216 are interconnected via an interconnection218. The interconnection 218 may include a system bus, a network, or anyother interconnection capable of providing the respective componentswith suitable interconnection for the respective purpose.

While the deployment server 102 is illustrated with and has certaincomponents described, other modules and components may be associatedwith the deployment server 102 without departure from the scope of thepresent subject matter. Additionally, it should be noted that, while thedeployment server 102 is described as a single device for ease ofillustration purposes, the components within the deployment server 102may be co-located or distributed and interconnected via a networkwithout departure from the scope of the present subject matter. For adistributed arrangement, the display 202 and the input device 204 may belocated at a kiosk or other location, while the CPU 200 and memory 208may be located at a local or remote server. Many other possiblearrangements for components of the deployment server 102 are possibleand all are considered within the scope of the present subject matter.Accordingly, the deployment server 102 may take many forms and may beassociated with many platforms.

It should further be understood that a similar block diagram to theexample block diagram illustrated within FIG. 2 for the deploymentserver 102 may be implemented for an application server, such as theapplication server_(—)1 106 through the application server_N 108. Anadditional block diagram is not depicted for brevity, but it isunderstood that additional and/or complementary processing to theprocessing described for the deployment server 102 may be performed by arespective application server in associated with deployed virtualimages, as described above an in more detail below, based upon thedescription herein. In such an implementation, an application server mayalso store and execute an automated script to incrementally invalidateand/or verify cache data during deployment of a virtual image. Such ascript may be stored in a memory location similar to the automatedcache-warming processing storage area 212 within a memory such as thememory 208. Verification may be performed against an intended or plannedpre-populated set of cache data. Further, a virtual image verificationmodule may replace the virtual cache image configuration module 214 toperform the incremental invalidation and/or verification of cache dataduring deployment of a virtual image. Many additional variations ofarchitecture for an application server are possible and all areconsidered within the scope of the present subject matter.

FIG. 3 through FIG. 5 below describe example processes that may beexecuted by devices, such as the deployment server 102, to perform theautomated virtual image deployment with a warm cache associated with thepresent subject matter. Many other variations on the example processesare possible and all are considered within the scope of the presentsubject matter. The example processes may be performed by modules, suchas the virtual cache configuration module 214 and/or executed by the CPU200, associated with such devices. It should be noted that time outprocedures and other error control procedures are not illustrated withinthe example processes described below for ease of illustration purposes.However, it is understood that all such procedures are considered to bewithin the scope of the present subject matter.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process300 for automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache. At block302, the process 300 prepares, via an application server for a virtualmachine image, a cache image comprising only cache entries with validdurations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image. At block 304, the process 300 deploys the virtual machineimage to at least one other application server as a virtual machine withthe cache image comprising only the cache entries with the validdurations of at least the configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process400 for automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache that buildsand deploys a virtual cache image. At decision point 402, the process400 makes a determination as to whether to create a virtual cache imagefor deployment in association with a virtual machine (VM) image. Thedetermination as to whether to create a virtual cache image may be madebased upon a configured time/date or periodicity for creation of avirtual cache image. Additionally, the determination as to whether tocreate a virtual cache image may be made based upon analysis of adeployed virtual cache image and a determination to rebuild apreviously-deployed virtual cache image, as described below inassociation with FIG. 5.

When a determination is made to create a virtual cache image, theprocess 400 forms or copies a virtual machine image to be deployed andto be used for warming a virtual cache image for deployment with thevirtual machine image at block 404. At block 406, the process 400determines a configured deployment date for the virtual cache image.

At block 408, the process 400 begins population of the virtual cacheimage. Population of the virtual cache image may be performed in avariety of ways. For example, population of the virtual cache image maybe performed by execution of a memory access script, such as a scriptstored within the automated cache-warming processing storage area 212 ofthe memory 208 described above. Such an automated script may be executedand may perform memory access operations for selected data accessesassociated the virtual machine image to be deployed. Alternatively,population of the virtual cache image may be performed by loading thevirtual cache image with a known or intended data set for deployment tocreate a virtual cache image with a pre-populated set of cache data. Asanother example of population of the virtual cache image, real user loadmay be applied to populate the virtual cache image. Many otherpossibilities exist for populating the virtual cache image and all areconsidered within the scope of the present subject matter.

At decision point 410, the process 400 determines whether a memoryaccess has been identified in association with the automated populationof the virtual cache image. When a determination is made that a memoryaccess has not been identified, the process 400 iterates until a memoryaccess has been identified. It should be noted that additional decisionsand processing for creation of JIT tables and a shared class cache maybe performed, though these additional processing options are notillustrated within FIG. 4 due to space limitations. As such, the process400 may further configure the cache image to store at least one of a JITtable and a shared class.

When a determination is made that a memory access has been identified atdecision point 410, the process 400 makes a determination at decisionpoint 412 as to whether data associated with the data element associatedwith the memory access has a valid duration of at least the configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image. The process 400 maydetermine whether the data element accessed by each memory accessoperation has a valid duration, an expiration identifier or indicator,or other information, associated with the memory access, such as anindicator associated with automated population of the virtual cacheimage. For example, such an indicator may be included within anautomated cache-warming script or associated with a known or intendeddata set for deployment of the virtual cache image to create thepre-populated set of data.

When a determination is made that data element associated with thememory access has a valid duration of at least the configured deploymentdate for the virtual machine image at decision point 412, the process400 stores the data element to the virtual cache image at block 414. Assuch, the process 400 stores within the cache image only the dataelements determined to have the valid duration of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image. At block 416,the process 400 indexes the stored cache entry with the expiration daterepresenting the valid duration associated with the stored cache entry.As described above, the expiration date for the data element may be usedin association with changes to the configured deployment date toincrementally invalidate stored cache entries, or may be used toinstruct an application server, such as the application server_(—)1 106through the application server_N 108, to incrementally invalidateexpired cache entries during deployment when the cache image is loadedby the respective application server.

When a determination is made that data element associated with thememory access does not have a valid duration of at least the configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image at decision point 412, orupon completion of indexing the stored cache entry with the expirationdate at block 416, the process 400 makes a determination at decisionpoint 418 as to whether to deploy the virtual cache image. As describedabove, the process 400 may determine whether to deploy the virtual cacheimage by comparison of a present date/time obtained from the timer/clockmodule 216 with the configured deployment date.

When a determination is made not to deploy the virtual cache image, theprocess 400 makes a determination at decision point 420 as to whetherthere has been a change to the configured deployment date. When adetermination is made that there has not been a change to the configureddeployment date, the process 400 returns to decision point 410 anditerates as described above for each memory access. As also describedabove, the process 400 may alternatively create JIT compilation entrieswithin a JIT table or shared class caching entries within a shared classcache as appropriate for a given implementation.

When a determination is made at decision point 420 that there has been achange to the configured deployment date, the process 400 makes adetermination at decision point 422 as to whether the process 400 iscurrently configured for local invalidation of cache entries. When adetermination is made that the process 400 is currently not configuredfor local invalidation of cache entries, the process 400 sets a remotevalidation flag at block 424, continues to decision point 410, anditerates as described above.

When a determination is made at decision point 422 that the process 400is currently configured for local invalidation of cache entries, theprocess 400 determines a valid duration associated with each cache entrywithin the virtual cache image at block 426. At block 428, the process400 deletes any of the cached entries determined not to have a validduration of at least the changed configured deployment date for thevirtual machine image. The process 400 returns to decision point 410 anditerates as described above.

Returning to the description of decision point 418, when a determinationis made to deploy the virtual cache image, the process 400 makes adetermination at decision point 430 as to whether to store any createdJIT table to the virtual cache image. When a determination is made tostore any created JIT table to the virtual cache image, the process 400stores the JIT table to the virtual cache image at block 432.

When a determination is made not to store any created JIT table to thevirtual cache image at decision point 430, or upon completion of storingthe JIT table to the virtual cache image at block 432, the process 400makes a determination at decision point 434 as to whether to store anyshared classes cache to the virtual cache image. When a determination ismade to store any shared classes cache to the virtual cache image, theprocess 400 stores the shared classes cache to the virtual cache imageat block 436.

When a determination is made not to store any shared classes cache tothe virtual cache image at decision point 434, or upon completion ofstoring the shared classes cache to the virtual cache image at block436, the process 400 deploys the virtual image to the at least one otherapplication server as a virtual machine at block 438. It should furtherbe noted based upon the configuration options described above, that theprocess 400 may deploy the virtual image to the at least one otherapplication server as a virtual machine with the cache image includingonly the cache entries with the valid durations of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image. The process400 may further deploy the virtual image to the at least one otherapplication server as a virtual machine with the cache image includingat least one of a JIT table and a shared classes cache.

At decision point 440, the process 400 makes a determination as towhether to instruct the at least one other application server to performremote invalidation of cache entries. The processing to determinewhether to instruct the at least one other application server to performremote invalidation of cache entries may be based upon the remotevalidation flag and may alternatively be based upon the configuredoption for local invalidation without use of the remote validation flag.

When a determination is made to instruct the at least one otherapplication server to perform remote invalidation of cache entries, theprocess 400 instructs the at least one other application server toinvalidate any cache entries that do not have a valid duration of atleast the current deployment date/time at block 442. The currentdeployment date/time may be an originally configured deploymentdate/time or may be a changed configured deployment date/time for thevirtual machine image. As such, remote invalidation may be a configuredwithout requiring a change to the configured deployment date withoutdeparture from the scope of the present subject matter.

When a determination is made not to instruct the at least one otherapplication server to perform remote invalidation of cache entries atdecision point 440, or upon completion of instructing the at least oneother application server to invalidate any cache entries that do nothave a valid duration of at least the current deployment date/time atblock 442, the process 400 returns to decision point 402 to awaitanother request to create a virtual cache image.

As such, the process 400 creates virtual images and selectively recordsdata elements to the virtual cache image based upon a valid duration(e.g., an expiration time) for each data element of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image. The process400 may further invalidate cache entries in response to a change in theconfigured deployment date and record entries to the cache image basedupon the new changed configured deployment date. The process 400 mayfurther store created JIT tables and shared classes caches to thevirtual cache image for deployment. The process 400 deploys the virtualcache image as a virtual machine to one or more application servers andmay instruct the servers to perform incremental invalidation of thevirtual cache image in association with loading of the virtual cacheimage as a virtual machine on the respective application server. Manyvariations on the processing described are possible and all areconsidered within the scope of the present subject matter.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process500 for automated verification of performance for virtual imagedeployment with a warm cache. At decision point 502, the process 500makes a determination as to whether a virtual image has been deployed.As such, the process 500 may begin execution upon completion ofdeployment of an image in association with the processing describedabove in association with FIG. 4. Alternatively, the process 500 may beincorporated into the processing described in association with FIG. 4 asappropriate for a given implementation.

When a determination is made that a virtual image has been deployed atdecision point 502, the process 500 makes a determination at decisionpoint 504 as to whether to determine performance of the deployed virtualimage. The determination as to whether to determine performance of thedeployed virtual image may be delayed to allow the virtual image to beloaded by the respective application server(s) or for other reasons asappropriate for a given implementation.

When a determination is made to determine performance of the deployedvirtual image at decision point 504, the process 500 queries at leastone other application server to which the virtual image was deployed forcache-hit performance data at block 506. At block 508, the process 500receives the cache-hit performance data from the at least one otherapplication server.

At decision point 510, the process 500 makes a determination as towhether the received cache-hit performance data meets anticipated cachedeployment performance for the virtual machine image. Cache-hitperformance may be measured by a number of cache hits versus a number ofcache misses, by statistical cache-hit versus cache-miss calculations,or by any other approach as appropriate for a given implementation.

When a determination is made at decision point 510 that the receivedcache-hit performance data meets the anticipated cache deploymentperformance for the virtual machine image, the process 500 returns todecision point 502 to await deployment of a new virtual cache image.When a determination is made at decision point 510 that the receivedcache-hit performance data does not meet the anticipated cachedeployment performance for the virtual machine image, the process 500makes a determination at decision point 512 as to whether to delay for aduration of time and recheck the performance of the deployed virtualcache image.

When a determination is made at decision point 512 to delay for aduration of time and recheck the performance of the deployed virtualcache image, the process 500 returns to decision point 504 to make thedetermination as to whether to determine performance of the deployedvirtual image, and iterates as described above. When a determination ismade at decision point 512 not to delay for a duration of time and notto recheck the performance of the deployed virtual cache image, theprocess 500 modifies the automated virtual cache image populationprocessing at block 514. As described above, virtual cache imagepopulation processing may include loading the virtual cache image with aknown or intended data set for deployment to create a virtual cacheimage with a pre-populated set of cache data and may include applying areal user load to the virtual cache image to populate the virtual cacheimage. Many other possibilities exist for populating the virtual cacheimage and all are considered within the scope of the present subjectmatter. Additionally, an automated memory access script may be used topopulate the virtual cache image. Accordingly, the process 500 maymodify the chosen automated virtual cache image population processing asappropriate for a given implementation.

The process 500 makes a determination at decision point 516 as towhether to initiate a rebuild of the virtual cache image. A rebuild ofthe virtual cache image may include initiating a process, such as theprocessing described above in association with FIG. 4, or iteratingprocessing associated with a combined process as appropriate for a givenimplementation. When a determination is made at decision point 516 toinitiate a rebuild of the virtual cache image, the process 500 triggersa rebuild of the virtual cache image at block 518. When a determinationis made at decision point 516 not to initiate a rebuild of the virtualcache image, or upon completion of triggering a rebuild of the virtualcache image at block 518, the process 500 returns to decision point 502to await deployment of a new virtual cache image.

As such, the process 500 queries application servers for cache-hitperformance data and determines whether cache-hit performance datareceived from the respective application(s) meets anticipatedperformance criteria for the deployed virtual cache image. The process500 also modifies an automated memory access in response to determiningthat the deployed performance of the virtual cache image is other thananticipated. The process 500 may further initiate a rebuild andredeployment of the virtual cache image.

As described above in association with FIG. 1 through FIG. 5, theexample systems and processes provide automated virtual image deploymentwith a warm cache. Many other variations and additional activitiesassociated with automated virtual image deployment with a warm cache arepossible and all are considered within the scope of the present subjectmatter.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, upon consideration of the aboveteachings, that certain of the above examples are based upon use of aprogrammed processor, such as the CPU 200. However, the invention is notlimited to such example embodiments, since other embodiments could beimplemented using hardware component equivalents such as special purposehardware and/or dedicated processors. Similarly, general purposecomputers, microprocessor based computers, micro-controllers, opticalcomputers, analog computers, dedicated processors, application specificcircuits and/or dedicated hard wired logic may be used to constructalternative equivalent embodiments.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the presentinvention may be embodied as a system, method or computer programproduct. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the formof an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment(including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or anembodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may allgenerally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.”Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of acomputer program product embodied in one or more computer readablemedium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may beutilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signalmedium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readablestorage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Morespecific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readablestorage medium would include the following: an electrical connectionhaving one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, amagnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium maybe any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use byor in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, inbaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to,electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Acomputer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium thatis not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate,propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless,wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination ofthe foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent invention may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages, including an object oriented programming languagesuch as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional proceduralprogramming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similarprogramming languages. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latterscenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computerthrough any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer program instructions. These computer program instructions maybe provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, specialpurpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus toproduce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via theprocessor of the computer or other programmable data processingapparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablestorage medium produce an article of manufacture including instructionswhich implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer,other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other devices to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer or other programmable apparatus provide processes forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening I/O controllers.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the dataprocessing system to become coupled to other data processing systems orremote printers or storage devices through intervening private or publicnetworks. Modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of thecurrently available types of network adapters.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present invention has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. A method, comprising: preparing, via an application server for avirtual machine image, a cache image comprising only cache entries withvalid durations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image; and deploying the virtual machine image to at least oneother application server as a virtual machine with the cache imagecomprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of at leastthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, where preparing, via an application server for avirtual machine image, a cache image comprising only cache entries withvalid durations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image comprises: populating the cache image via memory accessoperations for selected data accesses associated with the virtualmachine image; determining, for each memory access operation, whethereach data element accessed by each memory access operation comprises avalid duration of at least the configured deployment date for thevirtual machine image; and storing within the cache image only the dataelements determined to have the valid duration of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image.
 3. The methodof claim 1, where preparing, via an application server for a virtualmachine image, a cache image comprising only cache entries with validdurations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image comprises: storing within the cache image only dataelements determined to have a valid duration of at least the configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image; and indexing each of thestored cache entries with an expiration date representing the validduration associated with each of the cache entries.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining that the configured deploymentdate for the virtual machine image has changed; determining the validduration associated with each cache entry within the cache image; anddeleting any of the cached entries determined not to have a validduration of at least the changed configured deployment date for thevirtual machine image; and where deploying the virtual machine image toat least one other application server as a virtual machine with thecache image comprising only the cache entries with the valid durationsof at least the configured deployment date for the virtual machine imagecomprises deploying the virtual machine image to the at least one otherapplication server as the virtual machine with the cache imagecomprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of at leastthe changed configured deployment date for the virtual machine image. 5.The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image has changed;and instructing the at least one other application server to invalidateany cache entries that do not have a valid duration of at least thechanged configured deployment date for the virtual machine image.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: configuring the cache image tostore at least one of a just-in-time (JIT) table and a shared classescache; and storing the at least one of the JIT table and the sharedclasses cache to the cache image; and where deploying the virtualmachine image to at least one other application server as a virtualmachine with the cache image comprising only the cache entries with thevalid durations of at least the configured deployment date for thevirtual machine image comprises deploying the virtual image to the atleast one other application server as the virtual machine with the cacheimage comprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of atleast the configured deployment date for the virtual machine image andthe at least one of the JIT table and the shared classes cache.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: querying the at least one otherapplication server for cache-hit performance data; receiving thecache-hit performance data from the at least one other applicationserver; and upon a determination that the cache-hit performance datadoes not meet anticipated cache deployment performance for the virtualmachine image, modifying automated cache image population processingthat performs memory access operations for selected data accessesassociated with the virtual machine image.
 8. A system, comprising: amemory; and a processor associated with an application server programmedto: prepare a cache image within the memory comprising only cacheentries with valid durations of at least a configured deployment datefor a virtual machine image; and deploy the virtual machine image to atleast one other application server as a virtual machine with the cacheimage comprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of atleast the configured deployment date for the virtual machine image. 9.The system of claim 8, where, in being programmed to prepare a cacheimage within the memory comprising only cache entries with validdurations of at least a configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image, the processor is programmed to: populate the cache imagevia memory access operations for selected data accesses associated withthe virtual machine image; determine, for each memory access operation,whether each data element accessed by each memory access operationcomprises a valid duration of at least the configured deployment datefor the virtual machine image; and store within the cache image only thedata elements determined to have the valid duration of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image.
 10. The systemof claim 8, where, in being programmed to prepare a cache image withinthe memory comprising only cache entries with valid durations of atleast a configured deployment date for the virtual machine image, theprocessor is programmed to: store within the cache image only dataelements determined to have a valid duration of at least the configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image; and index each of thestored cache entries with an expiration date representing the validduration associated with each of the cache entries.
 11. The system ofclaim 8, where the processor is further programmed to: determine thatthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image haschanged; determine the valid duration associated with each cache entrywithin the cache image; and delete any of the cached entries determinednot to have a valid duration of at least the changed configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image; and where, in beingprogrammed to deploy the virtual machine image to at least one otherapplication server as a virtual machine with the cache image comprisingonly the cache entries with the valid durations of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image, the processoris programmed to deploy the virtual machine image to the at least oneother application server as the virtual machine with the cache imagecomprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of at leastthe changed configured deployment date for the virtual machine image.12. The system of claim 8, where the processor is further programmed to:determine that the configured deployment date for the virtual machineimage has changed; and instruct the at least one other applicationserver to invalidate any cache entries that do not have a valid durationof at least the changed configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image.
 13. The system of claim 8, where the processor is furtherprogrammed to: configure the cache image to store at least one of ajust-in-time (JIT) table and a shared classes cache; and store the atleast one of the JIT table and the shared classes cache to the cacheimage; and where, in being programmed to deploy the virtual machineimage to at least one other application server as a virtual machine withthe cache image comprising only the cache entries with the validdurations of at least the configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image, the processor is programmed to deploy the virtual imageto the at least one other application server as the virtual machine withthe cache image comprising only the cache entries with the validdurations of at least the configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image and the at least one of the JIT table and the sharedclasses cache.
 14. The system of claim 8, where the processor is furtherprogrammed to: query the at least one other application server forcache-hit performance data; receive the cache-hit performance data fromthe at least one other application server; and upon a determination thatthe cache-hit performance data does not meet anticipated cachedeployment performance for the virtual machine image, modify automatedcache image population processing that performs memory access operationsfor selected data accesses associated with the virtual machine image.15. A computer program product comprises a computer readable storagemedium including computer readable program code, wherein the computerreadable program code when executed on a computer causes the computerto: prepare a cache image comprising only cache entries with validdurations of at least a configured deployment date for a virtual machineimage; and deploy the virtual machine image to at least one othercomputer as a virtual machine with the cache image comprising only thecache entries with the valid durations of at least the configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image.
 16. The computer programproduct of claim 15, where, in causing the computer to prepare a cacheimage comprising only cache entries with valid durations of at least aconfigured deployment date for a virtual machine image, the computerreadable program when executed on the computer causes the computer to:populate the cache image via memory access operations for selected dataaccesses associated with the virtual machine image; determine, for eachmemory access operation, whether each data element accessed by eachmemory access operation comprises a valid duration of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image; and storewithin the cache image only the data elements determined to have thevalid duration of at least the configured deployment date for thevirtual machine image.
 17. The computer program product of claim 15,where, in causing the computer to prepare a cache image comprising onlycache entries with valid durations of at least a configured deploymentdate for a virtual machine image, the computer readable program whenexecuted on the computer causes the computer to: store within the cacheimage only data elements determined to have a valid duration of at leastthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image; and indexeach of the stored cache entries with an expiration date representingthe valid duration associated with each of the cache entries.
 18. Thecomputer program product of claim 15, where the computer readableprogram code when executed on the computer further causes the computerto: determine that the configured deployment date for the virtualmachine image has changed; determine the valid duration associated witheach cache entry within the cache image; and delete any of the cachedentries determined not to have a valid duration of at least the changedconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image; and where, incausing the computer to deploying the virtual machine image to at leastone other computer as a virtual machine with the cache image comprisingonly the cache entries with the valid durations of at least theconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image, the computerreadable program when executed on the computer causes the computer todeploy the virtual machine image to the at least one other computer asthe virtual machine with the cache image comprising only the cacheentries with the valid durations of at least the changed configureddeployment date for the virtual machine image.
 19. The computer programproduct of claim 15, where the computer readable program code whenexecuted on the computer further causes the computer to: determine thatthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image haschanged; and instruct the at least one other computer to invalidate anycache entries that do not have a valid duration of at least the changedconfigured deployment date for the virtual machine image.
 20. Thecomputer program product of claim 15, where the computer readableprogram code when executed on the computer further causes the computerto: configure the cache image to store at least one of a just-in-time(JIT) table and a shared classes cache; and store the at least one ofthe JIT table and the shared classes cache to the cache image; andwhere, in causing the computer to deploy the virtual machine image to atleast one other computer as a virtual machine with the cache imagecomprising only the cache entries with the valid durations of at leastthe configured deployment date for the virtual machine image, thecomputer readable program when executed on the computer causes thecomputer to deploy the virtual image to the at least one other computeras the virtual machine with the cache image comprising only the cacheentries with the valid durations of at least the configured deploymentdate for the virtual machine image and the at least one of the JIT tableand the shared classes cache.
 21. The computer program product of claim15, where the computer readable program code when executed on thecomputer further causes the computer to: query the at least one othercomputer for cache-hit performance data; receive the cache-hitperformance data from the at least one other computer; and upon adetermination that the cache-hit performance data does not meetanticipated cache deployment performance for the virtual machine image,modify automated cache image population processing that performs memoryaccess operations for selected data accesses associated with the virtualmachine image.